Choosing your training is the closest thing Mass Effect: Andromeda gets to picking a class – the game actually doesn’t have a typical RPG class system.
Mass Effect: Andromeda kicks off in earnest when Scott or Sara Ryder (your choice) is awoken from cryosleep.
After leaving behind the Milky Way (and the incoming nightmare of the Reaper Invasion) in between the events of Mass Effect 2 and Mass Effect 3, the Ark Hyperion arrives in the Andromeda Galaxy.
These profiles are named after and feature similar bonuses to the classic Mass Effect classes such as Soldier, Adept, Sentinel, Vanguard and so on.